Finance in Tesco Essay - 2612 Words

Liquidity plays an important role in the success or failure of business. In UK, 75-80% businesses collapse not because they are unprofitable but because of liquidity. For running a business successfully, plans have to be prepared to cope with the changing needs and these must be capable of modification. It is not good to wait until the end of the financial year to discover that the plan started to go wrong 11 months ago. For this purpose managers need information quickly, accurately and this information must reach to the concerned persons directly. They require financial analysis carried out weekly or monthly at least. Availability of funds is prerequisite to start any business. Most important sources of funds available to the†¦show more content†¦So these term loans can be quite reasonable and flexible as to conditions. Long term loan can be achieved in the form of debenture which is in fact a document stating the number of units and due dates to be repaid. * Loan notes These are the form of Loans as they are divided into units usually to be traded on Exchange. Their values change according to the business promotion and change in interest rates. In UK and USA these are known as bonds. Tesco Plc For the current assignment I am going to select Tesco Plc. That small business started in 1919 is become Europe’s largest grocery known as TESCO Plc. Tesco stores (holdings) were re-established in 1981 known as Tesco Plc. They popularized their slogan ‘Every little helps’ and they introduced a new value range in after 1991 (Tesco 2010). With the start of new Century, with the increasing trend of online shopping Tesco started its website and provided its customers with online shopping facilities and expanded its business on international level such as United States, China, India, South Korea, Japan, Turkey, and Czech Republic. Company provided a variety of products to get more popularity, for example, Tesco broadband, personal finance, clothing, Tesco Direct involving home furnishing and products, and music download industry (Tesco 2010). 2.1 A Rationale for Choice of Tesco The reasons for the selection of Tesco are recentShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Finance Department of Tesco773 Words   |  4 PagesThe Finance Department of Tesco Tesco started of as a soletrader, its finance functions were carried out by Jack Cohen. A finance function is to raise enough finance to be able to afford to carry out the business, also to cost and price the product. Now as tesco is a larger PLC (public limited company) its functions are carried out by departments were the finance director is responsible for, Mr. Andrew Higginston. The finance department based at tescos is now the centralRead MoreInternal And External Sources Of Finance For Tesco P4978 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Internal and external sources of finance for Tesco Internal sources of finance (Tesco) Retained earnings: A source of finance used by Tesco is retained earnings. Tesco re-invest a certain percentage of their end of the year profits back into Tesco, so they can improve it. Each year Tesco decide how much money they re-invest, this depends on the profit they make. Fixed assets: Another type of an internal source of finance for Tesco is fixed assets. Fixed assets are an asset that is not consumerRead MoreHow functional areas link1130 Words   |  5 Pageswithin Tesco. The functional areas in any business can’t work alone; they must interact with other departments and have good communications within them. Most functional areas in Tesco deal with external people or organisations, these are called external links. For example, suppliers, which are usually contacted by the purchasing or production function to make orders; the RD department then contacts specialist suppliers and research if the products they offer are of good quality; the finance departmentRead MoreTescos Functional Areas1270 Words   |  6 PagesTesco’s key functional areas Functional areas In all companies there are many different tasks which need to be carried out regularly, in order for the business to reach its aims and objectives. Stock needs to be brought, the bills and finances need to be controlled, and customer service issues dealt with and so on. In a small organisation one or two people may do all the jobs, whereas in a large organisation people have to be specialized in many different individual tasks. In a large companyRead Morebusne1365 Words   |  6 PagesDue 7/02/2014 Aim The aim of this report is to analysis a case study about an organization called Tesco. In this analysis, I will discuss the purpose of the key business function in the organization. Furthermore, I will analyze the power-grid interest of Tesco’s stakeholder. In addition, I will analyze the key issue in the managing stakeholder. Finally, I will show a SWOT analysis of Tesco. Introduction The business industry is getting wider and competitive. According to HannaganRead MoreBtec First Business -Unit 1 P41654 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Resources †¢ Finance †¢ Distribution In task 3 I will be explaining how 4 functional areas have a role in the aims and objectives of Tesco. Tesco is a business that always wants to make profit as an aim. The marketing department will go out and see what consumers are looking for, it might be child toys or adult electronics, and then the sales department will go and increase prices or sell more of the products. Profit can link to the functional area: finance. To be able increaseRead MoreTesco1411 Words   |  6 Pagesdescribe the contribution of the key business functions to the changes implemented in the organization. (Finance, Marketing, Operations, and Human Resources). Also, it will explain the key stakeholders of the organization and the key issues in managing stakeholders. Furthermore, it will include a SWOT analysis and a Power and Interest Matrix about Tesco. Business functions In the case study of Tesco, it is stated that they will appoint more staff to win their customers back. This step is related toRead MoreTesco s An Online Retailing Service1630 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Tesco PLC is a multinational corporation that sells food and non-food products to consumers. Being one of the largest food retailers in the world (Brand Finance, 2014). It now operates over 7,599 stores that include franchises. With over 500,000+ employees worldwide in 12 different counties, that includes the UK, Czech Republic, Hungary, Ireland, Poland, Slovakia, Turkey and Poland in Europe, along with India, Malaysia, China, South Korea and Japan in Asia (Tesco, 2014). Tesco was foundedRead MoreEvaluation Of The Appropriateness Of Business Information1040 Words   |  5 PagesAn evaluation of the appropriateness of business information used to make strategic decisions. TESCO: Finance: Finance function includes keeping the records of financial activity, for example, sales made by the business. It provides managers with information that they can use in decision making, for example, the cost of creating products. The chief accountant supervises the work of the accounts department. The managers need to be constantly aware. Accounts can be divided into two sections:Read MoreQuestions On Sources Of Finance1696 Words   |  7 PagesIn this assignment, four different sources of finance preferably two short term and two long term sources of funding will be discussed and identified. Secondly, it will also talk about and select to non-financial companies listed on the London Stock Exchange and will find their most current financial statements based on the last 5 years. I have selected Tesco and Sainsbury’s as my two non financial companies. Thirdly, I will then define and converse the pros and cons of each source of funding and

At the Edge of the Earth Free Essays

Below the snowline is a treeless zone of alpine pastures that have for generations been used for the summer grazing of goats and cattle. Agriculture is confined to the valleys and foothills, with fruit growing and viticulture on some sunny slopes. Further down the mountin normal plants still cannot grow only plants that are adapted to the cold are able to grow. We will write a custom essay sample on At the Edge of the Earth or any similar topic only for you Order Now Forests of the pine trees grow higher up the mountain where it is colder. Forest of broad-leaved trees and a wide range of other vegetation grow at the base of the mountain. Typically in mountain ranges it is high on the mountaintop. It is so cold that plants cannot grow here. There is only snow and bare rock. Summit regions above 3000 m (about 9800 ft) are glaciated. Peaks and crests, however, rise above the ice, displaying jagged shapes (tooth like horns, needles, and knife-edged ridges). About 2 % of the total area of the Alps is covered in ice. The longest valley glacier, the aletsch Glacier in the Bernese Alps, is 18 km (11ml) long. My great grandfather used to be a farmer but nowadays people in this area are no longer relaying on agriculture. Now people tend to work in the tourist industry and farmland has been give up to build ski slopes and lodges. Older people feel that the area has lost its natural beauty but most of their income comes from the tourist industry. Oak, hornbeam, and pie trees dominate the warm foothill zones, and sheltered valleys opening onto the Upper Italian Lakes abound with subtropical vegetation. A region of beech forests encompasses the cooler zone and grades at higher elevations into the fir and spruce belt. Mountain maple, spruce, and larch extend to the timberline. Living in mountainous regions can bring problems with individual isolated areas separated by mountains and rivers. In past times communications would have been a problem but since 1981 tunnels have been built linking areas. Higher areas in Fold Mountains like the Alps are not available to live because of the jagged ice and it is to cold. Traditionally the economy has relayed on farming and forestry. Alpine pastures have been used for grazing goats and cattle below the snow line. Life has however changed in the Alps tourism has brought with it both benefits and problems. 50 million people visit the Alps every year. The attraction is mainly winter ski-ing. To cater for all these people forests have to be mown down to make room for the ski slopes and lodges for people o stay in. Effects of tourism include erosion and acid rain from the many vehicles. Areas of this nature are prone to avalanches. Benefits and problems can also be seen with the tunnels. There have been numerous accidents in the tunnels. Recently two trucks collided and exploded in the St. Gothard tunnel as a result a hundred people are missing. Long alpine tunnels are crucial in modern living but accidents have left officials questioning them. A distinctive Alpine pastoral economy that evolved through the centuries has been modified since the 19th century by industry based on indigenous raw materials, such as the industries in the Mur and Murz valleys of the southern Austria that used iron ore from deposits near Eisenerz. Hydroelectric power development at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, often involving many different watersheds, led to the establishment in the lower valleys of electricity-dependent industries, manufacturing such products as aluminium, chemicals, and specialty steels. Tourism, which began in the 19th century in a modest way, has become, since the end of World War II, a mass phenomenon. Thus, the Alps have become a summer and winter playground for millions of European urban dwellers and annually attract tourists from around the world. Because of this enormous human impact on a fragile and ecological environment, the Alps are the most threatened mountain system in the world. The first of the great tunnels through the Alps, the Mount Cenis tunnel between France and Italy, was built between 1857 and 1870 and opened in 1871. The St Gotthard line, with its spiral tunnel approaches at Goschenen, was built between 1872 and 1882. The Arlberg tunnel in the southwest Austria, connecting Vorarlberg with the Tyrol, dates from 1884, and the Simplon rail tunnel, the longest in the world, was built between 1898 and 1906. Construction of a new St Gotthard rail link began in 1990 with a 20-year completion schedule. Swift road travel between Italy and Germany became possible during World War II, when the totalitarian regimes of these countries linked their new motorway networks over the Fern and Brenner passes. The road tunnel under Mont Blanc was opened in 1965. Many truck roads now cross the Alps, such as the main motorway route from Switzerland to Italy, which runs from Zurich past the Walensee and the town of Chur. Causes: * Heavy snowfall compressing and adding weight to the earlier falls, especially on windward slopes. * Steep slopes of over 25 degrees where stability is reduced and friction is more easily overcome. * A sudden increase in temperature, especially on the south-facing slopes and, in the Alps, under fohn wind conditions. * Heavy rain falling upon snow (more likely in Scotland than in the Alps) * Deforestation, partly for new ski runs, which reduces slope stability. * Vibrations triggered by off-piste skiers, any nearby traffic and more dangerously, earth movements. * Very long, cold, dry winters followed by heavy snowfalls in spring. Under theses conditions, earlier falls of snow will turn into ice over which later falls will slide (some local people perceive this to pose the greatest avalanche risk). Consequences: Avalanches can block roads and railways, cut off power supplies and telecommunications and, under extreme conditions, destroy buildings and cause loss of life. Between 1980 and 1991 there were, in Alpine Europe alone 1210-recorded deaths. How to cite At the Edge of the Earth, Papers

Theorizing Damage Through Reproductive Torts

Question: Discuss about the Theorizing Damage Through Reproductive Torts. Answer: Introduction: Trevor is the owner of and takes people on tour walk in Bunya Mountains. Anna went on a walk, fell down, and hurt her under the consumption of wine. Anna wants to sue Trevor on grounds of negligence. Is Trevor liable? Rules: English Law of tort embodies a persons civil liabilities towards one another. When one person breaches the duty of care towards the other, he faces liability for negligence (Chamallas 2015). According to the law of tort, there are few essential requirements as to it: Breach of duty Duty of care The harm must not be too distant a corollary of breach Breach causing harm in fact Duty of care stands for the fact when a person is held liable for his act which in turn has caused harm to another person. The extent of care should be such that the injured person finds it appropriate. In the Court of law the injured person should prove that he has faced injury and is liable to damages. There must be existence of contractual relationship between two individuals for the duty of care to exist. Here the manufacturers did not have a contractual relationship with the consumers but still owes a duty of care towards them (Keating 2015). According to Theory of social contract the individuals in a society owes a sense of responsibility towards each other. In the Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 the concept of negligence was clearly defined and established. It is the landmark judgment in tort of negligence. The House of Lords apprehended that a person will owe a duty of care towards the other in the journey of their action (Deakin, Johnston and Markesinisc 2012). In accorda nce to this, let us take into consideration the famous case of Donoghue v Stevenson[1932]UKHL 100, which lays the foundation of English tort law and Scot Delict law by the House of Lords. In this case, tort of negligence and duty of care is established. When we look into this particular case, Donoghue buys a bottle of ginger beer from a shop. She drinks the beer and falls unwell; because there was a dead snail in the bottle of beer which she neither was aware off . Even the shopkeeper from whom she bought the beer was unaware of it. Donoghue decides to sue the ginger beer manufacturer, Stevenson as in this situation she could not sue the shopkeeper, who was even unaware of the fact. When put before the House of Lords it was decided that, the manufacturer was at fault and he owed a duty of care towards the consumer. The manufacturer breached duty of care and is it foreseeable because its the duty of a manufacture to ensure the quality of a product, which may cause harm to consumers o n consumption. Previously, before Donoghue v Stevenson it was held that where there is personal injury inflicted on a person whether directly or indirectly is not liable in tort of negligence. It was held that consumption of a noxious substance which caused injury to the consumer is liable not to tortuous claims. However, in this case a substantially different decision has been taken where it was held that Donoghue is liable to tortuous claims not the grounds of strict liability (direct physical contact that requires bodily injuries) but common law of tort and delict. Donoghue was liable to claim damages for injury under Tort of negligence. Lord Macmillan in this case held that law would not be liable for claims abruptly. Where there will be a carelessness, which has caused damage then only the duty of care will arise. In this scenario, Lord Macmillan said that the manufacturer should not have kept the bottle in a place where snails could have an access to it. It was also said in th is case that the consumer and the manufacturer is in a contract of sale. Though Donoghue is not by contract of sale by the manufacturer, her friend was, so Donoghue was liable to claim damages for negligence. Thus, Stevenson being the manufacturer of food and drink Company owes a duty of care towards the consumers who faced reasonable injury, which is enforceable by law. Therefore, it is held in this case that the appellant was liable to damages arising out of injury and there was breach of duty of trust on part of the manufacturer, which makes him liable (Eades 2015). In the case of Home Office v Dorset Yacht Co Ltd[1970] UKHL 2 the court enlarged the extent of negligence and the duty of care towards the individuals. In the case of Anns v Merton London Borough Council[1978] A.C. 728 the House of Lords provided the investigation of theory of negligence and duty of care. The test is referred to as the Anns Test or the two-stage test (Guay and Cummins 2013). Many countries apply this test in dealing with cases relating to tort of negligence. These two conditions are used to see the duty of care that exists between the defendant and claimant in relation to the closeness of foreseeing the situation and considering the fact that there should have been a duty of care among the individuals (Eggen 2015). In the case of Bolton v. Stone[1951] AC 850, [1951] 1 All ER 1078 it was held by the Court that the defendant was not found guilty of negligence and even there was not breach of duty on part of the defendant. The damage that was faced by the plaintiff is not something, which was foreseeable act in the course action of the defendant. The cricket ball, which hit Mrs. Stone while she was standing outside her house did hit with sufficient force that could cause damage to a person. The learned Court held that the plaintiff is not liable to damages because the situation that arise could not by any means was foreseeable danger (Gifford and Robinette). Contributory negligence is the law in which if the injured party did a failure on his part and act prudently it will be considered to a contributory injury that he had suffered. In law if a person is not at fault he will not be liable to pay damages. Yet again let us consider the case of Nettleship v Weston[1971] 2 QB 691, where Nettleship is the plaintiff and Weston is the defendant. The plaintiff was promised to teach Mrs. Weston to drive her husbands car. In one of a situation, it happened that the defendant not having good driving skills met with an accident, which caused harm to the plaintiff. The defendant now argued that the court should make allowance for her as she was not an expert driver. The Court of Appeal consisting of Lord DenningMR,SalmonLJandMegawLJ said that as the driver was inexperienced and did not have proper driving skills raises the question of complicated shifting standards. Salmon LJ held that in a situation where the plaintiff was aware of the fact that the defendant did not have proper driving skills makes the plaintiff responsible of the accident. Furthermore, the instructor is always in partial control of the car and should be well aware of the skills of the driver. Thus was held that the plaintiff was liable to damages due to contributory negligence (Goudkamp and Ihuoma 2016). Application: In our case of Anna and Trevor, we see that there has been contributory negligence. When we apply the case of Donoghue v Stevenson, we see that that there was negligence on part of the manufacturer of beer and thus he was liable to pay damages. The manufacturer of a Company owes a duty of care towards his consumers. Thus, the manufacturer was liable to pay damages to the plaintiff who suffered injury. However, in the case of Anna and Trevor there was contributory negligence on part of Trevor. To develop this we consider the case of Bolton v Stone where the defendant was not liable to pay Mrs. Stone because the incident, which took place, was not something, which could be easily foreseeable. In the case of Nettleship v Weston the court held that the plaintiff was liable to contributory negligence. The incident was something, which was not foreseeable but the plaintiff was in partial control of the car and should have shown enough care because the defendant was learning dr iving and the car should not have been in his control totally. The instructor was in partial control of the car so is liable to pay damages under contributory negligence (Little et al. 2014). When we apply these case studies in the case of Anna and Trevor we see that Trevor is liable to pay damages under the rule of contributory negligence. Trevor had a duty of care towards the people he has taken for the walk in the hills especially at the time when he it was already dark and he knew people faces accident in the dark while walking in the jungle. Anna should have worn heels and short skirt when it was directed by Trevor not to wear such clothes and shoes. She faced an injury also because of negligence on her part. Trevor is liable to pay contributory damages. Moreover, she was under the consumption of alcohol and feeling tipsy and she feel down. Had she not consumed alcohol she would not faced the accident like a person of prudence. Conclusion: Anna is liable to get damages from Trevor based on the law of contributory negligence. He liable to pay damages because he owed a duty of care towards the people he had taken for a walk. References: Chamallas, M. (2015). Theorizing Damage Through Reproductive Torts.Jotwell: J. Things We Like, 88. Deakin, S. F., Johnston, A., Markesinis, B. S. (2012).Markesinis and Deakin's tort law. Oxford University Press. Eades, R. W. (2015).Torts Involving Personal Property(Vol. 1). Jury Instructions on Damages in Tort Actions. Eggen, J. M. (2015). Mental Disabilities and Duty in Negligence Law: Will Neuroscience Reform Tort Doctrine?.Indiana Health Law Review,12, 591. Gifford, D. G., Robinette, C. J. (2014). Apportioning liability in Maryland tort cases: Time to end contributory negligence and joint and several liability.Maryland Law Review,73, 2013-61. Goudkamp, J., Ihuoma, M. (2016). A Tour of the Tort of Negligence. Guay III, G. E., Cummins, R. (2013).Tort Law for Paralegals. Pearson Higher Ed. Iacobucci, E. M., Trebilcock, M. J. (2016). An economic analysis of waiver of tort in negligence actions.University of Toronto Law Journal,66(2), 173-196. Keating, G. (2015). Is Negligence Law Less Objective than We Think.Jotwell: J. Things We Like, 137. Little, J. W., Lidsky, L. B., O'Connell, S. C., Lande, R. H. (2014).Torts: Theory and Practice. LexisNexis.

Rocket Flight free essay sample

Rocket FlightWhat is a rocket?A rocket is a missile or aircraft that produces thrust by burning fuel and using propellants. It is different from a jet engine as it stores all of the fuel it needs, whereas jets and aeroplanes need oxygen from air to work. This is why rockets can travel out of the earths atmosphere whereas jets cannot. Rockets have a variety of purposes, including:Space explorationLaunching of satellitesNuclear warfare(Only recently) Commercial cargo transportation and private space toursHow does a rocket fly?Rockets use Isaac Newtons 3rd law of motion to fly; For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The rocket ignites its fuel, and it all pushes downwards, as the opposite reaction pushes the rocket upwards. This is known as thrust. Their slim, aerodynamic design and incredible fuel capacity allows rockets to travel at great speeds for a sustained period of time. We will write a custom essay sample on Rocket Flight or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What is the difference between solid fuel and liquid fuel boosters? Give examples of both and list what they are used for.Both solid and liquid fuel is used in large rockets, however at different times of the flight. Solid fuel, typically a mixture of oxidisers and aluminium oxide, begins as a liquid and is poured into the boosters. Over a few days it hardens and is ready to be used. The advantages of solid fuel is that it is cheaper than its liquid counterpart and provides greater thrust, however it cannot be controlled; once it is ignited, it cant be stopped. Thus, NASA, and the ESA use solid fuel to do the majority of the work into getting rockets into orbit.However, if solid fuel was to be used as the sole propellant, the rocket and payload would be torn to shreds by the exceptional speed. So instead they combine liquid fuel and typically liquid oxygen to propel the rocket during the later stages of the flight. This can be easily throttled, allowing the rockets speed to be controlled.Who was Wernher von Braun? Write a short biography of his life.Dr Wernher von Braun was a highly influential rocket developer and space explorer in the 20th century. In his early years he was fascinated by the possibilities of space exploration, and as a result studied calculus and trigonometry in order to understand the physics of rockets. After studying engineering at the University of Berlin, he was employed by the German army in 1932, developing liquid fuelled rockets. Von Brauns team created the V-2 ballistic missile, the worlds first long range guided military missile. Measuring at over fourteen metres tall and weighing an enormous twelve tons, it was first launched in 1942 during the Second World War.Knowing the Allies were on the approaching the rocket complex, von Braun moved south to Bavaria before he was eventually captured by the Americans. For fifteen years von Braun worked for the U.S. army in Texas, their military wanting ballistic missiles for themselves. In 1950, his team of 125 was moved to Alabama and designed the Jupiter and Redstone ballistic missiles, as well as three launch vehicles (rockets used to send a payload into space). The Jupiter C, designed by von Brauns team, was the first rocket to carry a satellite into space.From then on, von Braun went on to write several books and articles based on space exploration, becoming a prominent advocate for the subject. He became NASAs director of the Marshall Space Flight Centre, and died in 1977. Ultimately, Wernher von Braun had a considerable influence on the design, uses and application of rockets in his time, and laid the groundwork for space exploration in the future.Why do you think the scientists were taken by the allies after WW2?The scientists were obviously very knowledgeable and skilful in creating rockets for warfare, and the Allies wanted these scientists to create rockets for themselves. From the Allies perspective, the scientists were valuable assets for the war, and the Allies didnt want to be left behind in the creation of lethal rockets. What sort of fuel does NASA use to launch their rockets?NASA uses both solid and liquid fuel to propel their rockets into orbit. The most common solid propellant NASA uses, according to NASAs Chief of exploration vehicle officer Bryan K Smith, is a mix of Ammonium Perchlorate and Powdered Aluminium, pre-mixed to form a rubber like substance stored in the boosters. The most effective liquid propellant NASA use is liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen that is mixed in flight when needed.What is a payload? Give an example.The payload of a rocket is dependant on the rockets mission, however in general the payload of a rocket is the portion the completes the purpose of the rocket. For example, the most common payload of a rocket is a satellite. Exploration rockets payloads can be humans or various recording equipment, whereas the payload of an offensive rocket would be its nuclear warhead. Who was the first man in space?Not to be confused with the first man on the moon, Neil Armstrong, the first person in space was cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. He entered space on April 12th 1961, and his 108 minute flight earned him the admirable title of first man in space. Opinion: Commercial space flightI believe that space travel will one day become as common as airline travel is today. Im convinced, however, that the true future of space travel does not lie with government agencies NASA is still obsessed with the idea that the primary purpose of the space program is science but real progress will come from private companies competing to provide the ultimate adventure ride, and NASA will receive the trickle-down benefits.- BUZZ ALDRINIts being labelled the space race of the 21st century, as private businesses are in competition to introduce the world to commercial space flight. Companies such as Virgin Galactic, Blue Origins and SpaceX are currently trialling the possibilities of laun ching cost effective rockets for private purposes, however there is a cloud of doubt over its impact. The innovation can allow high paying customers to experience space first hand, as well as privately transport cargo to and from the international space station. SpaceX have the ultimate goal is to be able to colonise other planets, however possible environmental and martial consequences may shadow the commercial benefits.CEO of Virgin Galactic Richard Branson has announced plans to send tourists into space this year. In 2017 he said I think Id be very disappointed if were not into space with a test flight by the end of the year and Im not into space myself next year. His space test flights have produced groundbreaking results since, and with around 500 potential customers reserving a spot, it appears private space tourism could become a new, lucrative industry. Despite a hefty cost of $350,000 AUD per person, this business has potential to attract major tourism while allowing the lucky few to experience outer space, benefiting all involved. It seems unlikely that the price for orbital travel will remain that high, and as it decreases, the demand and market will increase. A 2013 report funded by the Federal Aviation and Administration Office * predicted that the space tourism industry, with sufficient public support, could eclipse 1. 6 billion dollars in revenue in the next ten years (as of 2012). Ultimately, the prospect of the future space tourism industry is capable of reaping many financial gains and overall benefit the many involved.*(http://www.nss.org/transportation/Suborbital_Reusable_Vehicles_A_10_Year_Forecast_of_Market_Demand.pdf)While cost effective suborbital travel opens possibilities for tourism, it simultaneously could deem a wide range of offensive martial options feasible. In the past, high launch costs have restricted use of rockets for military purposes. In the words of Todd Harrison, a defense budget analyst at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington; One of the reasons we have not weaponized space before now is that it did not make sense to do so, it was too expensive relative to the terrestrial alternatives, [and] all the new military space missions that could become cost-feasible to the US could become cost-feasible for other countries, and create a lot of challenges. As the lead author of a recent report on low cost space access, it outlines that rockets are capable of launching missiles at satellites or targets on the ground, possibly with nuclear warheads. The rockets can then be more or less reused and the process can be repeated. Offensive missiles can be intercepted and troops and supplies could even be transported to anywhere in the world within 45 minutes. These offensive options combined with recent government instability across the globe is a recipe for disaster.Our aspirational goal is to send our first cargo mission to Mars in 2022 †¦ and eventually a self sustaining civilisation SpaceX Cheaper space exploration and payload launches opens the door towards colonising other planets, in particular Mars. The more cost effective rockets become, the more exploring and testing can be done with the ultimate goal to create a sustainable civilisation. Transportation of cargo would become significantly less expensive, and low overall cost allows the process to be performed much quicker. The exciting prospect of living on another planet has a range of advantages, including the potential for groundbreaking scientific discoveries, diplomatic rewards and another home for human life if needed in the unpredictable future. Most of all it is a challenge, what we, as humans, thrive on. Reaching the pinnacle of human achievement has always been our focus. Commercial companies are inching closer to that dream every day, progressing our society as a whole.With the increase of launches that cost effective rockets bring, long term damage to the environment becomes an alarming consequence. Rocket engines emit reactive gases that cause ozone particles to break apart. The particles of aluminium oxide and soot that are also released act as a catalyst, increasing the rate in which the ozone is destroyed. A report on the topic in 2009 revealed that rockets are responsible for approximately 1% of ozone depletion, however with the new space race fast approaching, and the lucrative business of commercial space flight, it is predicted that; If left unregulated, rocket launches by the year 2050 could result in more destruction that was ever caused by CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons, formerly used in aerosols). Prof. Darin Toohey of Colorado Boulders oceanic and atmospheric department. This isnt urgent, but if we wait 30 years it will be.Ultimately, cost effective space flight opens the door to a wide range of possibilities, whether it be in space tourism, scientific exploration or the goal of colonisation on other planets. However, it also allows the abuse of such technology, for warfare. As predicted, the increase of rocket launches could damage the environment greatly in the future, so there are many pros and cons to be considered in relation to cost effective rockets.Bibliography Csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com. (2018). [online] Available at: https://csis-prod. s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/publication/170316_Harrison_UltraLowCostAccess_Web.pdf?LPQ6EI200hsZglqXWA8bYrdWflQ4ucPJ [Accessed 13 Feb. 2018].Dann, F. (2016). Why the U.S. Government Brought Nazi Scientists to America After World War II. [online] Smithsonian. Available at: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/why-us-government-brought-nazi-scientists-america-after-world-war-ii-180961110/ [Accessed 8 Feb. 2018].Davies, A. (2012). Wealthy Adventurers Could Turn Space Travel Into A $1.6 Billion Industry. [online] Business Insider Australia. Available at: https://www. businessinsider.com.au/space-tourism-to-generate-16-billion-2012-10?r=US [Accessed 18 Feb. 2018].Encyclopedia.com. (2018). Liquid vs. Solid Fuels Dictionary definition of Liquid vs. Solid Fuels | Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary. [online] Available at: http://www.encyclopedia.com/science/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/liquid-vs-solid-fuels [Accessed 8 Feb. 2018].European Space Agency. (2018). Solid and liquid fuel rockets. [online] Available at: http://m.esa.int/Education/Solid_and_liquid_fuel_rockets4 [Accessed 8 Feb. 2018].Extreme Machines Rockets. (2015). [Video] Available at: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=cPDjykCXUnw.Fernholz, T. (2018). Reusable rockets could disrupt the space industry, and not always in a good way. [online] Quartz. Available at: https://qz.com/944145/reusable-rockets-could-disrupt-the-space-industry-and-not-always-in-a-good-way/ [Accessed 27 Feb. 2018].Forum. nasaspaceflight.com. (2018). Finally, Liquid or solid propellant engine?!. [online] Available at: https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index. php?topic=23243.0[Accessed 8 Feb. 2018].I2.wp.com. (2018). [online] Available at: https://i2.wp.com/www.7continents5oceans.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Effects-of-ozone-layer-depletion.jpg?resize=553,370 [Accessed 8 Feb. 2018]. Mail Online. (2017). Virgin Galactic to be open for business in 2018 with flights THIS year. [online] Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-4374866/Richard-Branson-s-space-plans-Virgin-Galactic-open-2018. html[Accessed 17 Feb. 2018].Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. (2009). Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). [online] Available at: https://www.pca. state.mn.us/air/chlorofluorocarbons-cfcs-and-hydrofluorocarbons-hfcs [Accessed 8 Feb. 2018].NASA. (2018). Biography of Wernher Von Braun. [online] Available at: https://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/history/vonbraun/bio.html [Accessed 8 Feb. 2018].NASA. (2018). Space Shuttle and International Space Station. [online] Available at: https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/about/information/shuttle_faq.html [Accessed 8 Feb. 2018].NASA. (2018). What Is a Rocket?. [online] Available at: https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-is-a-rocket-58.html [Accessed 8 Feb. 2018]. Rastogi, N. (2018). What impact do rockets have on the environment?. [online] Slate Magazine. Available at: http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/the_green_lantern/2009/11/dirty_rockets. html [Accessed 8 Feb. 2018].Redcolony.com. (2018). Why Colonize Mars? Red Colony. [online] Available at: http://www. redcolony.com/features.php?name=whycolonizemars [Accessed 2 Mar. 2018].ScienceDaily. (2018). Rocket Launches May Need Regulation To Prevent Ozone Depletion, Says Study. [online] Available at: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/03/090331153014.htm [Accessed 8 Feb. 2018].Scientific American. (2018). What kind of fuel do rockets use and how does it give them enough power to get into space?. [online] Available at: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-kind-of-fuel-do-rock/ [Accessed 8 Feb. 2018].Space.com. (2011). What the Next 50 Years Hold for Human Spaceflight. [online] Available at: https://www.space.com/11364-human-space-exploration-future-50-years-spaceflight.html [Accessed 26 Feb. 2018]. Space.com. (2012). Yuri Gagarin: First Man in Space | The Greatest Moments in Flight. [online] Available at: https://www.space.com/16159-first-man-in-space. html [Accessed 8 Feb. 2018].Space.com. (2017). SpaceX: First Private Flights to Space Station. [online] Available at: https://www. space.com/18853-spacex.html [Accessed 26 Feb. 2018].Space.com. (2018). Commercial Space Travel May Bring Science Benefits, Advocates Say. [online] Available at: https://www.space.com/16228-nasa-commercial-human-spaceflight-benefits.html [Accessed 1 Mar. 2018].Space. com. (2018). Virgin Galactic Aims to Fly Space Tourists in 2018, CEO Says. [online] Available at: https://www.space.com/36654-virgin-galactic-fly-space-tourists-2018.html [Accessed 17 Feb. 2018].Spaceflightsystems.grc.nasa.gov. (2018). Payload Systems. [online] Available at: https://spaceflightsystems.grc.nasa.gov/education/rocket/payload.html [Accessed 8 Feb. 2018].Spacefuture. com. (2012). Space Future The Economic Benefits of Space Tourism. [online] Available at: http://www.spacefuture.com/archive/the_economic_benefits_of_space_tourism.shtml [Accessed 18 Feb. 2018].SpaceX. (2018). Company. 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Bioinformatics essays

Bioinformatics essays BIOINFORMATICS Bioinformatics is the field of science in which biology; computer science and IT combine to form a single discipline. Bioinfomatics involves biology, which encompasses the study of proteins generated from sequence of genes and from which, all living organisms are composed. Computer science in Bioinfomatics helps to predict 3d structure of proteins, amino acid sequence, functions of proteins with the help of algorithms and data banks Information technology has proved to be boon in research area of Bioinformatics by providing tools to share the useful information universally accessible and retrievable through Internet. The emerging field of Bioinformatics uses information storage, data analysis and clusters for large scale computing to deal with the mass of information on decoded genes. Bioinformatics will permit the rational creation of new crops, and in general accelerate the unraveling of fundamental biological processes Bioinfomatics, the use of computers in biology research, has been increasing in importance during the past decade as the Human Genome Project went from its beginning to the announcement of a draft of the complete sequence of human DNA Bioinfomatics is proved to be a blessing in the fields of drug design, medicine agriculture and genetic therapy Bioinfomatics has both the immediate potential to produce economically important spin-offs and the lotaent possibility of far reaching positive effects on the world society and markets. WHAT IS BIOINFORMATICS? RELATED TERMS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY DNA MOLECULE DNA TO PROTEIN CONVERSION ...

Andromeda Strain And Virus Evolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Andromeda Strain And Virus Evolution - Essay Example To some extent this is a theme in Michael Crichton's novel the Andromeda Strain, where a team of scientists must try to prevent the outbreak of a rapidly evolving extraterrestrial virus. The virus remains one step ahead of them for most of the book. While this is only a novel, it has real world counterparts in the difficult steps taken to reduce the evolution of other real viruses. Antibiotics have caused some viruses to evolve and become less treatable. We need to take a page from this clever book and work hard to limit the evolution of real world viruses. If we do not, we may face a resurgence of diseases we once thought were eminently treatable. The Andromeda Strain is a work of science fiction, but it shows us a great deal about our own world. While it is unlikely that a virus would come from outer space, it is entirely possible that such a virus might occur from any of the viruses currently present on Earth. Due to the incredible rate of transportation and interconnectedness of the contemporary world, it will be very challenging to prevent it from rapidly spreading around the world. We must be very mindful of this as such a situation is a potential existential threat.

The effectiveness of the registered nurse managing the urinary Research Paper

The effectiveness of the registered nurse managing the urinary catheter in the adult patient. Proposal Phase - Research Paper Example Secondary data collection shall therefore be the major procedure to be used by the researcher. This is perfectly appropriate because there are several existing research works on urinary catheter that can supply the researcher with adequate and sufficient data. This notwithstanding, there shall also be primary data collection procedures. Primary data collection involves the collection of firsthand data directly by the researcher. The general steps that will be undertaken will involve the collection of data on registered nurses in the site area regarding their treatment to patients with urinary catheter. Data on the progress rate of patients as well as any reported side effects with the urinary catheter shall be collected. Hospital records and forms shall therefore be the major research instruments to use. After collecting such data, the researcher shall present all of it and use existing literature to give interpretation to the data collected. The researcher expects that the outcome o f the data collection will lead to the need to design an intervention to educate nurses further on urinary catheter. After the intervention, another set of data shall be taken on improvement rate of patients. The researcher expects that the outcome will this time round be better than before.... After the intervention, another set of data shall be taken on improvement rate of patients. The researcher expects that the outcome will this time round be better than before. Researcher’s Credentials The researcher is rightly matched for this research work. This is because the researcher is well vested in issues of urinary catheter. As a health science student, who has undertaken several clinical and on job tasks in major hospitals and clinics that practice with urinary catheter, the research has the needed knowledge in the interpretation of data and other records that will be collected from the research site. What is more, the researcher has been part of a group of researchers who have been tasked with analyzing over six previous research works on urinary catheter. This means that the researcher is privileged to needed secondary sources of data to make the qualitative research analysis more authentic and reliable. Finally, as a student, the researcher has shown consistency w ith grades in nursing care. This means that the researcher is a suitable candidate for carrying out the intended interventions in the research site area. Site & Population This is a typical clinical research that demands the use of complicated equipment, access to health records and data, and realistic personnel to supply data and information. This means that the site of the research will best be constituted at a place where the researcher shall be assured of the needed equipment, health records and personnel. To this end, an intensive care unit was chosen. The researcher is hopeful that the intensive care unit has all needed equipment on urinary catheter and records of patients, both past and present. What is more,